Information processing device and method

ABSTRACT

The value relating to the average of the length of processing time required to process a plurality of information sets is reduced. In one embodiment, an information processing device comprises: a receiving component receiving information elements contained in respective information sets having one or more information elements; an information processing component carrying out processing of the information elements thus received; and a determining component determining a processing sequence for the two or more information sets or the plurality of information elements, and determining a processing sequence different from the reception sequence, in which a value relating to the average of the length of processing time for the two or more information sets becomes equal to or less than the value that would be obtained were the plurality of information elements or the two or more information sets to be processed in accordance with their reception sequence.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application relates to and claims priority from Japanese PatentApplication No. 2003-347942 on Oct. 7, 2003, the entire disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to technology for processing aninformation set having one or more information elements, and morespecifically, to technology for processing an I/O request received froman external device in accordance with a protocol such as an ESCON orFICON, or the like, for example.

2. Description of the Related Art

The information set having one or more information element may be, forexample, a command element set having one or more command element whichmay be a command or data. A concrete example is a command element setexchanged under the ESCON (Enterprise Systems Connection) communicationsprotocol, which is known as a CCW chain.

A CCW chain, for example, is an I/O request issued by a host to astorage system, in a case where an host and a storage system comprisinga data storage device and a storage control device for same (forexample, a RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Inexpensive Disks)system) are connected on the basis of the ESCON protocol.

The I/O request may contain a read command for reading data from a datastorage device, for example, (in other words, a read request), or it maycontain a write command for writing data to a data storage device (inother words, a write command). The storage control device in the storagesystem has a cache memory, and reading and writing of data between thehost and the data storage device is carried out via this cache memory.More specifically, for example, when the memory control device hasreceived a read request from the host, then if the read request datawhich is required by the read request is present in the cache memory (inthe event of a “cache hit”), then this read request data is sent to thehost, whereas if it is not present in the cache memory (in the event ofa “cache miss”), then processing is carried out for accessing the datastorage device, reading out the read request data, and storing same inthe cache memory (hereinafter, this is called a “staging process”),whereupon the read request data is then sent to the host. Moreover, whenthe storage control device has received a write request, if the targetdata is present in the cache memory corresponding to this write request(if there is a “cache hit”), then the write request data according tothat write request is overwritten to that cache memory region, whereuponthe data is stored in the data storage device, whereas if the targetdata is not present in the cache memory region (if there is a “cachemiss”), then staging processing is carried out for accessing the datastorage device, reading the target data and storing same in the cachememory region, whereupon the write request data is overwritten to theaforementioned region of the cache memory, and the overwritten data isthen sent to the data storage device.

Upon completing a series of processes in response to the I/O request,the memory control device sends a completion notification indicatingthat this processing has been completed, to the host, in accordance withthe ESCON protocol.

One aspect used to evaluate the performance of a storage control deviceof this kind is the length of time it takes for the host to receive thiscompletion notification, after it has issued an I/O request(hereinafter, this is referred to as the “I/O response time”.) Usually,it is assumed that the shorter the I/O response time, the better theperformance of the storage control device. The I/O response time for anyone I/O request is generally longer in the case of a cache miss than inthe case of a cache hit. This is because the time taken to access thedata storage device, typically, a magnetic disk, is longer than the timetaken to access the cache memory.

Technology aimed at reducing this response time includes, for example,that disclosed in Reference Patent 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No.2002-140233). According to this technology, for example, of a pluralityof I/O requests received from an host, the storage control devicecarries out data transfer to the host in respect of those I/O requestswhich produce “hits” in the cache, and executes parallel processing forreading corresponding data from the data storage device to the cachememory, and then transferring this data to the host, in respect of I/Orequests which produce “misses” in the cache. As a result, thecompletion notification sequence sent by the memory control device tothe host in respect of processing a plurality of I/O requests, may bedifferent from the sequence in which the I/O requests were received fromthe host.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, when evaluating the capacity of a storage control device onthe basis of the length of the I/O response time as described above, itis necessary to take into account the average value of the I/O responsetimes for a plurality of issued I/O requests (hereinafter, referred toas “average response time”). This is because, for instance, if thestorage control device receives a first and a second I/O request fromthe host, then even if the I/O response time is short for the first I/Orequest, if the I/O response time is considerably longer in respect ofthe second I/O request, then the storage control device will not in factachieve a short I/O response time in an overall sense. In the technologydisclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2002-140233 described above,no processing is carried out which takes the average response time intoaccount.

The aforementioned problem is not limited to the I/O request asdescribed above, but may also exist in other devices which receive andprocess information sets having one or more information element.Moreover, the aspect for evaluating the capacity of such devices is notlimited to the average response time, and the average processing timerequired for a plurality of other processes may also be used for suchevaluation.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to make it possible toreduce the value relating to the average of the processing times takento process a plurality of information sets.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the general composition of a storage system in which aninformation processing device relating to one embodiment of the presentinvention is applied;

FIG. 2 shows one example of a processing flow relating to a write I/Orequest;

FIG. 3 shows a first consideration of response time in the processing ofa plurality of I/O requests;

FIG. 4 shows a second consideration of response time in the processingof a plurality of I/O requests (consideration of average response time);

FIG. 5 shows a third consideration of response time in the processing ofa plurality of I/O requests (average response time);

FIG. 6 shows one example of an information characteristics table 1060 ina shared memory 106;

FIG. 7 shows an I/O request buffer 109;

FIG. 8 shows an overview of a processing flow implemented by a commandcontrol section 102 when determining a sequence for processing I/Orequests, according to a first request processing sequence determiningmethod;

FIG. 9 shows one example of the step of determining a request sequenceat S85 illustrated in the processing flow in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 shows an overview of a processing flow implemented by a commandcontrol section 102 when determining a sequence for processing I/Orequests, according to a second request processing sequence determiningmethod; and

FIG. 11 shows a specific processing flow for step S103 in the processingflow illustrated in FIG. 10.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The information processing device according to the present inventioncomprises: a receiving component receiving information elementscontained in respective information sets having one or more informationelements, from one or a plurality of information setting sources issuingsuch information sets; an information processing component processingthe information elements thus received; and a determining componentdetermining a processing sequence for two or more information sets orfor the plurality of information elements thus received, on the basis ofthe plurality of information element which are unprocessed or currentlybeing processed, contained in two or more information sets, and settinga processing sequence different from the reception sequence, in which avalue relating to the average of the processing times for the two ormore information sets becomes lower than the value achieved if theplurality of information elements or the two or more information setswere to be processed in accordance with the sequence in which they werereceived; wherein the information processing component starts processingof the plurality of information elements that are currently unprocessedor being processed, on the basis of the processing sequence thusdetermined.

Here, an “information element” is an element of information contained inan information set, being an element sent or received in a prescribedunit, for example, a frame unit, one concrete example of such an elementbeing a command or data.

Moreover, an “information set” is a group of information elementscontaining one or more of such information elements, for example, acommand data set containing at least one or more command and/or one ormore data item. Furthermore, the one or more information elementscontained in the information set must be processed sequentiallyaccording to a prescribed sequence, for example, and by processing themin this fashion, the processing for one information set is completed.Therefore, for example, when the determining component sets a processingsequence for two or more information sets or for a plurality ofinformation elements as described above, essentially, it never sets aprocessing sequence in which a second information element which is to beprocessed after a first information element is in fact processed beforethe first information element.

Moreover, the value relating to the average of the processing times oftwo or more information sets is the average value of the two or moreprocessing times relating to same, or it may be a value that isdeducible from this average value (for example, the total value).

Furthermore, the “processing time” for each of the two or moreinformation sets is, for example, the length of time from a prescribedtime point (for example, the current time) until the time point relatingto completion of the processing for that information set. The “timepoint relating to the completion of the processing” is, for example thetime point at which the information processing device transmits acompletion notification indicating completion of processing, to theinformation setting source, or the time point at which this completionnotification is received by the information setting source andacknowledged by same, or the time point at which the informationprocessing device transmits a prescribed response signal in response tothis completion notification, or the time point at which the informationprocessing device receives and acknowledges this response signal.

The information processing device according to the present invention maybe constituted by at least one of hardware, software and/or acombination thereof. If the information processing device is constitutedby software or a combination of software and hardware, then the computerprogram for realizing the software can be installed or loaded in acomputer by means of a program storage medium such as a disk typestorage or semiconductor memory, or the like, or by means of acommunications network, such as the Internet, or the like, whereby theinformation processing device described above can be constituted.

The information processing device according to the present inventiondetermines a processing sequence that is different to the receptionsequence, on the basis of a plurality of information elements which areunprocessed or currently being processed contained in two or moreinformation sets received by the information processing device, in whicha value relating to the average of the processing times of the two ormore information sets is less than the value that would be obtained ifthe plurality of information elements or the two or more informationsets were processed according to the sequence in which they werereceived, and the information processing device initiates processing ofthe aforementioned plurality of information elements which areunprocessed of currently being processed, on the basis of the determinedsequence. Thereby, it is possible to make the value relating to theaverage of the processing times for two or more information sets lessthan the value that would be obtained simply by processing theinformation in the same order in which it was received.

Below, an embodiment of the present invention is described with respectto the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the general composition of a storage system in which aninformation processing device relating to one embodiment of the presentinvention is applied.

The storage system according to the present embodiment comprises one ora plurality of storage devices 60 and a storage control device 10.

The storage device 60 is a device capable of storing data, for example,a system comprising a group of hard disks wherein a plurality of diskdrives, 600, 600, . . . each respectively comprising a plurality of harddisks, are disposed in an array (a storage system of this kind thereforebeing known as a so-called RAID (Redundant Array of IndependentInexpensive Disks)). A plurality of logical volumes (logical units)which are logical storage regions can be established in the physicalstorage regions of the plurality of disk drives 600, 600, . . . of thestorage device 60.

The storage control device 10 comprises connection ports, 100, 103,channel control sections 101, 104, I/O request buffers 109, 110, commandcontrol sections 102, 105, a service processor 50, a shared memory 106,a cache memory 108, and a disk control section 107.

The connection ports 100, 103 are ports for connecting one or aplurality of external devices, such as a computer for example, to thestorage control device 10, in such a manner that it can communicate withsame. For example an host 20 is connected in a communicable fashion tothe connection port 100, and an host 30 and host 40 are connected in acommunicable fashion to the other connection port 103, via a director70. Thereby, the storage control device 10 is able to receive I/Orequests (input output requests) issued by the respective hosts 20, 30,40, by means of the connection ports 100 or 103.

The channel control sections 101 and 104 are substantially the same infunctional terms, and therefore the channel control section 101 isdescribed as a representative example. The channel control section 101may be constituted by a hardware circuit, by software, or by acombination of same, and it is connected in a communicable fashion tothe host 20 connected to the connection port 100, which is positioned ata superior level. The channel control section 101 stores I/O requestsreceived from the host 20 in the I/O request buffer 109, which can beaccessed by the command control section 102 situated at an inferiorlevel to the channel control section 101. Moreover, the channel controlsection 101 transmits data based on an I/O request received from thehost 20, to the host 20, and receives same from the host 20.

The I/O request buffers 109 and 110 are substantially the same infunctional terms, and therefore the I/O request buffer 109 is describedas a representative example. The I/O request buffer 109 is a buffercapable of storing I/O requests received from the host 20 by the channelcontrol section 101 situated at a superior level to the I/O requestbuffer 109, and it is guaranteed a prescribed region of internal memory(for example, a RAM or SD-RAM, or the like).

The command control sections 102 and 105 are substantially the same infunctional terms, and therefore the command control section 102 isdescribed as a representative example. The command control section 102may be constituted by a hardware circuit, by software, or by acombination of same, and it reads out an I/O request stored in the I/Orequest buffer 109 situated at a superior level, and carries outprocessing in accordance with that I/O request.

The service processor 50 is an input processing device for inputting avariety of information to the storage control device 10 from aprescribed data source (for example, an external hard disk device or aportable non-volatile memory), or from a user, and it may be constitutedby a hardware circuit, by software, or by a combination of same. Morespecifically, for example, the service processor 50 is a user interface,such as an operating panel, or the like, and by means of this userinterface, a user may input prescribed information, for example,information for task instructions relating to the saving of data on thestorage control device 10, various types of control parameters, varioustypes of tuning parameters, and information relating to a performanceinformation table 1060, described hereinafter. The various informationinput from the service processor 50 is stored in the shared memory 106,and is referenced or updated according to requirements, by the variouscontrol sections 102, 107, and the like, of the storage control device10.

The shared memory 106 is, for example, a non-volatile semiconductormemory (for example, an EEPROM) or a memory provided provisionally on ahard disk, which is shared by the command control sections 102, 105, andthe disk control section 107. A performance information table 1060 and astatistics information table 1061 as described hereinafter are providedin the shared memory 106 (the methods for updating and to utilizing theperformance information table 1060 and the statistics information table1061 are described hereinafter). Moreover, other prescribed information,for example, a control table required for processing of I/O requests, isprovided in the shared memory 106. A control table is, for example,provided for each physical or logical storage region (hereinafter,referred to as “data storage region”) on the one or more storage devices60, and each control table stores the address of one or a plurality ofvirtual storage regions constituted by a cache memory 108 (hereinafter,referred to as a “cache slot”), the address of the data storage region,the type of I/O request (for example, whether a read or write operationhas been requested), and the like. The reading or writing of data, fromor to a cache slot on the cache memory 108 or one of the respective datastorage regions is carried out on the basis of information recorded inthe control table corresponding to that data storage region. An I/Orequest contains prescribed information (for example, the address of adata storage region), in such a manner that the control table to be usedwhen processing that I/O request can be identified from thisinformation.

The cache memory 108 is, for example, a volatile or non-volatilesemiconductor memory (for example, an SRAM or EEPROM), which is sharedby the command control sections 102, 105 and the disk control section107. Data read from the storage device 60, or data to be written to thestorage device 60 is stored temporarily in the cache memory 108. Morespecifically, for example, one cache slot is established in the cachememory 108 for one data storage region (for example, a logical volume),by a prescribed control section (for example, the command controlsection 102, 105), and the data to be written to the data storage regioncorresponding to that cache slot, or the data read from that datastorage region, is stored temporarily in that cache slot. In thisstorage system, the data that has been read out or the data that is tobe written are always exchanged between the command control section 102,105 and the disk control section 107, by passing via the cache memory108.

A disk control section 107 is provided for each storage device 60, andcontrols the storage device 60 to which it corresponds. For example, thedisk control section 107 performs reading or writing of data, from or tothe data storage region of one or more storage device 60 (for example,the target logical volume), on the basis of the control table held inthe shared memory 106. Moreover, the disk control section 107 may also,for example, convert an I/O request for a logical volume into a I/Orequest for a physical disk, by converting the logical address into aphysical address.

The foregoing was a general description of a storage system according tothe present embodiment. Although not illustrated in the drawings, thestorage control device 10 is provided with a switching control sectionwhereby, for example, the command control section 102, 105, the diskcontrol section 107, the shared memory 106 and the cache memory 108 aremutually connected in a communicable fashion. The switching controlsection may be constituted by a high-speed bus, such as anultra-high-speed crossbar switch, or the like, which performs datatransfer by means of a high-speed switching operation. The exchange ofdata and commands between the command control section 102, 105, the diskcontrol section 107, the shared memory 106 and the cache memory 108 iscarried out via the switching control section, which is not illustrated.

Below, an overview of a sequence for processing an I/O request in theaforementioned storage system is described, taking as an example a casewhere the host 20 has issued an I/O request. This description is dividedinto explanation of a case where the issued I/O request indicates a readrequest and explanation of a case where the issued I/O request indicatesa write request.

(1) If the I/O Request Indicates a Read Request.

The I/O request issued by the host 20 is received by the channel controlsection 101 via the connection port 100, and the channel control section101 stores this I/O request in the I/O request buffer 109. The commandcontrol section 102 reads out the I/O request thus stored, and judgeswhether or not the data requested for reading in the I/O request(hereinafter, the “read request data”) is present in the cache memory108, on the basis of the I/O request and the control table identifiedfrom same.

If the result of this judgment is affirmative, in other words, if theread request data is present in the cache memory 108 (a “cache hit”),then the command control section 102 obtains the read request data fromthe cache memory 108 and transmits this read request data to the host20, via the channel control section 101.

On the other hand, if the result of the aforementioned judgment isnegative, in other words, if the read request data is not present in thecache memory 108 (a “cache miss”), then the command control section 102instructs the disk control section 107 to read out the read request datain the storage device 60 temporarily to the cache memory 108. Thereby,the read request data is read from the storage device 60 by the diskcontrol section 107, and stored in the cache memory 108, and the commandcontrol section 102 then obtains this read request data from the cachememory 108 and transmits it to the host 20. In this processing, theconnection between the host 20 and the storage control device 10 isisolated during the processing for reading the read request data in thestorage device 60 to the cache memory 108. In this way, when a cachemiss has occurred, a performance deterioration occurs in comparison to acase where there is a cache hit, only to the extent of the time takenfor the processing of reading out the read request data to the cachememory 108, and the time taken to reconnect the storage control device10 to the isolated host 20.

(2) If the I/O Request Indicates a Write Request.

The I/O request containing data to be written (hereinafter, called“write request data”) is received by the channel control section 101from the host 20, via the connection port 100, and the channel controlsection 101 stores this I/O request in the I/O request buffer 109. Thecommand control section 102 reads out the I/O request thus stored andjudges whether or not data is present in the prescribed cache slot ofthe cache memory 108, on the basis of that I/O request and the controltable identified from same.

If the judgment result is affirmative, in other words, if data ispresent in the prescribed cache slot (a “cache hit”), then the commandcontrol section 102 writes the write request data contained in the I/Orequest it has read out, over the data in the prescribed cache slot.

On the other hand, if the result of the aforementioned judgment isnegative, in other words, if data is not present in the prescribed cacheslot (a “cache miss”), then the command control section 102 instructsthe disk control section 107 to read out data from the data storageregion identified by the read I/O request, temporarily, to the cachememory 108. Thereby, once data has been read from that data storageregion by the disk control section 107 and stored in the prescribedcache slot, the command control section 102 writes the write requestdata contained in the read I/O request, over the data stored in theprescribed cache slot.

In this way, when the write request data has been written to the cachememory 108, the write request is taken to be completed, and a completionreport is returned by the storage control device 10 to the host 20. Atthe time that the write request data is written to the cache memory 108,in general, this data is not reflected in the drives 600, 600, . . . ofthe storage device 60, and supposing that the data in the cache memory108 is corrupted due to a fault in the storage control device 10, or thelike, then a data loss will occur, but in order to avoid data loss ofthis kind, in the storage control device 10 according to the presentembodiment, it is possible to double up the data in the cache memory 108that has not yet been copied to the drives, and it is also possible touse a non-volatile memory for the cache memory 108.

The foregoing gave an overview of the sequence for processing an I/Orequest in the storage system according to the present embodiment.

Below, the principal parts of the storage system according to thepresent embodiment shall be described in more detail. Firstly, adescription shall be given to aid understanding of these principalparts.

The hosts 20, 30, 40 are connected to the storage control device 10 bymeans of an I/O interface equipped with a prescribed communicationsprotocol, for example, a communications protocol which allowscommunications to be carried out whilst mixing the input/outputcommunications frame for one I/O request with the input/outputcommunications frame for another I/O request. This communicationsprotocol may also be, for example, a communications protocol (such asthe ESCON (Enterprise Systems Connection) protocol) whereby sequentialcommunications are performed in such a manner that an interlock for thetransmission of data or a command and a response to same is created,whereupon the next data or command is transmitted, or it may be acommunications protocol (such as the FICON (FIbre CONnection) protocol,or the FC-SB2 protocol (FIBRE CHANNEL Single-Byte Command Code Sete-2Mapping Protocol)) whereby the host is able to transmits data orcommands in a pipeline fashion, without creating an interlock. Whenprocessing of an I/O request issued by a host 20, 30, 40 is carried out,under a communications protocol of this kind, the command or datacontained in the I/O request, and the response to that command or data,are exchanged between the host 20, 30, 40 and the storage control device10 in the form of frames.

An I/O request requests the reading of data from the storage device 60,or the writing of data to the storage device 60, and under the varioustypes of communications protocols described above (for example, theFC-SB2 protocol), the I/O request is a command set known as a “CCW”(Channel Command Word).

At least one or more type of command element are contained in the CCWchain, and more specifically, for example, a Define Extent (hereinafter,abbreviated to “DX”), a Locate Record (hereinafter, abbreviated to“LOC”), a read command, write command, and the like. The DX command is acommand specifying access permission information, access mode, and thelike, for the data subject to the I/O request (known as the “record”),and this command is transmitted initially when the I/O request isissued. The LOC command indicates information such as the cylindernumber, track number, record number, and the like, which state theposition of the record subject to I/O request on the storage device 60(for example, the address of the data storage region).

A concrete example of the sequence of processing for this CCW chain (I/Orequest) is now described with reference to FIG. 2.

In this example, data is read out or written in units known as“records”, and a plurality of records are gathered together to formunits known as “tracks”. In this example, it is supposed that the host20 has issued an I/O request 70 containing a write command for writingrecord 1, record 2 and record 3 of a certain track. Therefore, the I/Orequest 70 is issued as a command chain of consecutive commands, thiscommand chain 70 being “define extent/locatedata/write(R1)/write(R2)/write(R3)”. In this command chain 70, thecommand up to “define extent/locate data” is a command for positioningthe data in the drives in the storage device 60, and the“write(Rn:N=1,2,3)” command is a write command for the write requestdata.

Firstly, the frame of the initial command (define extent) of the one ormore commands or data contained in the command chain is issued by thehost 20 to the storage control device 10. Thereupon, when this commandhas been received by the storage control device 10, the storage controldevice 10 returns a command response frame, as a response to thatcommand. According to the FC-SB2 protocol, and the like, the host 20 isable to transmit parameter data for the command in question, in the formof data frames, without having to wait for this command response frame,but in the present example, the sequence is described as commandresponse, followed by data. Upon receiving the parameter data from thehost 20, the storage control device 10 executes processing relating tothe define extent command described above.

Thereupon, the next command “locate record” and data frame are issued bythe host 20, and the storage control device 10 executes processingrelating to this command and data. By means of these two command “defineextent” and “locate record”, the storage position information for thewrite request data is identified, and the storage control device 10judges whether or not this corresponds to a “cache hit” or a “cachemiss”. Below, a case where this is a “cache hit” is described as anexample.

A write record command is transmitted by the host 20. Thereupon, datafor record 1, which is write request data, is transmitted by the host 20in the form of a data frame. The storage control device 10 writes thisupdated data to the cache memory 108. Similarly, the storage controldevice 10 also receives a write record command and write request datafor record 2 and record 3, and it writes this data to the cache memory108.

When the updated data for record 3 has been written to the cache memory108 (or to a prescribed data storage region of the storage device 60),the storage control device 10 then transmits a status frame indicatingthat the processing relating to the I/O request 70 has been completed,to the host 20 which issued the original command. Upon receiving thisstatus frame, the host 20 transmits a status acceptance frame indicatinga response to the reception of the status frame.

The foregoing described the sequence of processing for the I/O request70. The processing relating to the I/O request 70 terminates when thestorage control device 10 receives the aforementioned status acceptanceframe. Moreover, the I/O response time 72 relating to the I/O request 70is the length of time from the time point at which the host 20 issuedthe I/O request 70, until the time point at which reception of thestatus frame was confirmed. Furthermore, FIG. 2 shows the flow of datacommunications in a case where the I/O request is one requesting writingof data, and if the I/O request were one requesting reading of data, thedirection of communication of the read request data would be theopposite of the direction of communication of the write request data.Furthermore, FIG. 2 is a flowchart in the case of a “cache hit”, but inthe case of a “cache miss”, a generally similar processing flow isfollowed, with the exception that the storage control device 10 requeststemporary isolation of the connection to the host 20, and the storagecontrol device 10 then requests reconnection to the host 20 at the timethat the reading of data from the storage device 60 to the cache memory108 has been completed.

Next, the response time in a case where there are a plurality of I/Orequests shall be considered.

If the storage control device 10 accepts an I/O request from the host 20and if a plurality of I/O operations are processed in parallel whencarrying out processing corresponding to that request, then it ispossible to increase the operating rate of the connection ports and theoperating rate of the processor, according to the schedule by whichthese respective processes are carried out, as a result of which, thenumber of I/O operations that can be processed per unit time is improvedin comparison with a case where a plurality of I/O requests areprocessed one at a time, without any mixing thereof. However, if, on theother hand, attention is focused on the response time of each of theplurality of I/O requests that are processed in a parallel fashion, thenthe response time may become shorter if the individual I/O requests areprocessed one at a time, without carrying out parallel processing of therespective I/O operations. FIG. 3 shows one example of such a case.

FIG. 3 shows models based on a case where processing of two I/O requests[1], [2] is carried out separately, in a sequential fashion, in theorder [1] [2], and a case where the frames of the I/O requests areprocessed in a combined fashion. According to FIG. 3, in a case wherethe frames of the two I/O requests are mixed together, compared to acase where they are executed sequentially, the free time of theprocessor (for example, the processor containing the command controlsection. 102 or 105) is lower, and hence the operating rate of thatprocessor and the connection ports 100, 103 is higher. However, focusingon the response time of I/O request [1], this response time will beshorter is the processing for each respective I/O request is carried outin a sequential fashion, in the order [1] [2].

In this way, it can be expected that there will be a possibility ofincreasing the number of I/O requests that can be processed, bycombining the frame of a different I/O request [2] during the processingof a first I/O request [1], in a continuous fashion, and furthermore, bytransmitting and receiving frames in both directions. However, althougha plurality of I/O requests are being processed, when viewed in terms ofthe command units or data units contained in the respective I/Orequests, the situation is not substantially different from a case whereonly one I/O request is being processed. Since respective framesrelating to a plurality of I/O requests can be transmitted and receivedin a combined fashion, it is possible to reduce the free time at theconnection ports 100, 103. Thereby, it can be expected that the overallnumber of I/O requests that can be processed per unit time will beincreased, in comparison with a protocol which only processes one I/Orequest at a time. Nevertheless, focusing on a single I/O requestconsisting of the same command, the results illustrated in FIG. 3described above can be obtained, if the response time is considered in acase where processing is carried out using both a single I/O processingprotocol and a multiple I/O processing protocol. In other words, in thecase of a single I/O request consisting of the same command, theresponse time in a case where processing is carried out using a singleI/O processing protocol is shorter than the response time in a casewhere processing is carried out using a multiple I/O processingprotocol. Of course, in either case, the results are not necessarily thesame as those shown in FIG. 3, but in general, the higher the degree ofmultiple operation that is established, the poorer the I/O response timewhen viewed in terms of a single I/O request. However, in the case ofmultiple I/O processing, the operating rate of the ports and theprocessor is improved compared to single I/O processing, and thereforethe number of I/O requests that can be processed per unit time isincreased, and the through-put characteristics of the system are alsosuperior in this case. In other words, two possible measures of theperformance of an information processing system can be identified, interms of shortening of the I/O response time and increasing ofthrough-put, but which of these is to be emphasized depends on thecomposition and use configuration, and the like, of the system, aparticularly important factor being whether the system uses batchprocessing or on-line processing. For example, in the former case, thethrough-put is emphasized, and in the latter case, the I/O response timeis emphasized. In the present embodiment, attention with respect to theI/O response time is focused on the average response time for aplurality of I/O requests.

As described previously, the I/O response time is the length of timefrom the issuing of the I/O request by the host until the reception of acompletion notification, and in more detail, as illustrated in FIG. 4,it is the total of (1) the time from the issuing of the I/O request bythe host until the arrival of same at the storage control device, (2)the time until the processing of the I/O request reaches a standby statein the storage control device, (3) the time taken for the I/O request tobe processed in the storage control device, and (4) the time from theissuing of the completion notification by the storage control deviceuntil reception of same by the host.

Next, the average response time for a plurality of I/O requests isconsidered, and an example thereof is illustrated in FIG. 4. In thisexample, it is supposed that I/O requests [3] [4] [5] are issued inapproximately simultaneous fashion by the host 20. It is also supposedthat the three I/O requests consist respectively of three commands, a,b, and c. In other words, the I/O request [3] contains commands [3]-a,[3]-b, [3]-c, and the same applies substantially to the I/O requests [4]and [5]. Furthermore, in the case illustrated in FIG. 4, it is supposedthat the time taken to process each of the commands a, b, c is the same.It is supposed that the time taken to execute each command is Tc.Therefore, since all of the I/O requests consist of three commands a, b,c, the processing time required to process each of the I/O requests willbe 3Tc. Moreover, in order to make the description easier to understand,the overhead from the termination of processing of the command of oneI/O request until the start of processing of the command in another I/Orequest (in other words, the overhead when switching the I/O requestthat is to be processed) is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 4, in case “3-A”, processing is carried out in thesequence I/O request [3], I/O request [4], I/O request [5]. In thiscase, the I/O response times of the three I/O requests [3], [4], [5] arerespectively 3Tc, 6Tc and 9Tc. Therefore, the average response time forthe three I/O requests [3], [4], [5] will be 6Tc.

On the other hand, in this diagram, in the case “3-B”, processing iscarried out in the following sequence: the command [3]-a of I/O request[3], the command [4]-a of I/O request [4], the command [5]-a of I/Orequest [5], the command [3]-b of I/O request [3], the command [4]-b ofI/O request [4], the command [5]-b of I/O request [5], the command [3]-cof I/O request [3], the command [4]-c of I/O request [4], and thecommand [5]-c of I/O request [5]. The point focused on here is the I/Oresponse time for each I/O request. Although the timing at which theprocessing for the three I/O requests terminates is the same as in thecase “3-A”, the respective I/O response times are 7Tc for I/O request[3], 8Tc for I/O request [4] and 9Tc for I/O request [5], and thereforethe average response time for these three I/O requests will be 8Tc.

In the foregoing description, in order to make the consideration of theaverage response time simpler to understand, the overheads associatedwith switching the I/O request that is being processed are omitted fromthe explanation, but if these overheads were incorporated, thedifference in average response time between case “3-A” and case “3-B”would be even more pronounced. The example in FIG. 4 is a model of acase where the average response time becomes longer due to the mixing ofcommand processing for a plurality of I/O requests.

Next, the difference in average response time depending on the executionsequence when processing a plurality of I/O requests, will be describedwith reference to FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, I/O requests [6] and [7] aredescribed as examples. In this example, it is supposed that the I/Orequest [6] takes twice the processing time as the I/O request [7], andtherefore the respective processing times for the processing of I/Orequests [6], [7] are 2T and T. Moreover, in this example, similarly tothe example described with reference to FIG. 4, it is supposed that theI/O requests are issued in an approximately simultaneous fashion by thehost 20, and moreover, in order to simplify the explanation, theoverheads associated with switching, and the like, between the I/Orequests being processed are also omitted.

In case “4-A”, processing is carried out in the sequence: I/O request[6], I/O request [7]. Therefore, the average response time of the twoI/O requests is 2.5T.

On the other hand, in case “4-B”, processing is carried out in thesequence: I/O request [7], I/O request [6]. Therefore, the averageresponse time for the two I/O requests will be 2T, and hence the averageresponse time is improved compared to a case where the I/O requests areprocessed in the sequence indicated in case “4-A”.

The foregoing descriptions concerned various examples of response timefor I/O requests. In the first example, in other words, in the exampledescribed with reference to FIG. 3, it is sought to increase theoperating rate of the processor (for example, the processor containingthe command control section 102 or 105) and to improve through-put, bycombining the processing of command and frames for a plurality of I/Orequests, but in some cases, the response time for any one particularI/O request may become slower. In the second example, in other words, inthe example described with reference to FIG. 4, there are situationswhere, focusing on the average response time for a plurality of I/Orequests, the average response time differs between cases where the I/Orequests are executed, one by one, in a sequential fashion and caseswhere processing of command and frames for a plurality of I/O requestsis carried out in a mixed fashion. In the third example, in other words,in the example described with reference to FIG. 5, similarly to thesecond example, the focus is on the average response time of theplurality of I/O requests, but here the average response time varies inaccordance with the sequence in which a plurality of I/O requests areexecuted, without mixing the commands and frames of the plurality of I/Orequests together.

As can be seen from the foregoing examples, the average response timefor two or more I/O requests may differ, in some cases, depending on thesequence in which the plurality of commands or data contained in the twoor more I/O requests are processed, and it may also differ, in somecases, depending on the sequence in which the two or more I/O requeststhemselves are processed.

The foregoing was a description for aiding-understanding of theprincipal parts of the present embodiment. Below, the principal parts ofthe present embodiment shall be described. In this description, thecommunications protocol used to communicated with the host 20, 30 and 40is a communications protocol that allows communications to be performedby mixing the input/output communications frames for one I/O requestwith the input/output communications frames for another I/O request, forexample, an FC-SB2 protocol. Therefore, in contrast to the ESCONprotocol, rather than the logical connection path between the host andthe storage control device 10 (hereinafter, called the “logical path”)being occupied during execution of the processing of a single I/Orequest, the storage control device 10 is able to execute processing ofI/O requests relating to a plurality of data storage regions (forexample, logical volumes), simultaneously, on the same logical path.Moreover, after transmitting a write or read command contained in an I/Orequest to the storage control device 10, the host 20 is able totransmit write request data without waiting for a command response fromthe storage control device 10, and without needing to wait for such aresponse, and moreover, the host is able to transfer to the processingof the next command, and to issue a further I/O request, even if it hasnot received a status frame for the previous command.

FIG. 6 shows a performance information table 1060 prepared in the sharedmemory 106 of the storage control device 10.

In the performance information table 1060, expected values relating tothe length of time that it is expected to take to process a command ordata having certain attributes is registered for each of a plurality ofcommand and data attributes relating to commands or data contained inI/O requests (the excepted values may indicate the actual length oftime, or they may indicate another meaning related to that length oftime). The information registered in the performance information table1060 may be information that is input by a human user by means of theservice processor 50, or it may be registered automatically by thestorage control device 10 on the basis of statistical informationdescribed hereinafter.

The performance information table 1060 contains a command processingtime sub-table 1060A and a data transfer processing time sub-table1060B.

The expected value of the length of time required for the processing ofa command having certain attributes is registered for each of aplurality of command attributes (for example, a command type) relatingto commands contained in I/O requests, in the command processing timesub-table 1060A. This expected value is, for example, related to thelength of time from the time at which the processing of the command wasinitiated, until the time at which this processing is completed and aprescribed signal is transmitted to the host.

The expected value of the length of time required for the processing ofa command having a certain attribute is registered for each of aplurality of data attributes (for example, a transfer type and transferlength)-relating to data contained in I/O requests, in the dataprocessing time sub-table 1060B. The expected time for data of thetransfer type “read processing”, for example, relates to the length oftime until the data is read out from the cache memory 108 andtransmitted to the host. Furthermore, the expected value for data of thetransfer type “write processing” relates, for example, to the length oftime until data is read out from the I/O request buffer 110, set in thecache memory 108, and this data is then stored from the cache memory 108to the storage device 60.

According to the performance information table 1060 illustrated in FIG.6, for example, if a certain I/O request is a read request, and if thisrequest is constituted by a command of command type [1] a command ofcommand type [2] and data of data length a, then the total of theexpected value for that I/O request (in other words, the length of timethat it is forecast that the I/O request will take to process) will beT1+T2+Ta.

The foregoing was a description of a performance information table 1060.Needless to say, the type of information registered in the performanceinformation table 1060 is not limited to that illustrated in FIG. 6. Forexample, it is also possible to record a variety of expected values inthe performance information table 1060, according to whether there is acache hit or a cache miss. Moreover, the expected values registered inthe command processing time sub-table 1060A, or the expected values inthe data transfer processing time sub-table 1060B when the transfer typeis “read processing” may also contain the length of time it takes forthe data sent by the storage control device 10 to arrive at the host 20,30, or 40. This length of time may be a common value for all of thehosts 20, 30, 40, or it may be a separate value for each of the hosts20, 30, 40.

Next, although not indicated specifically in the drawings, thestatistical information table 1061 shall be described.

Statistical information based on the history relating to I/O requestprocessing carried out in the past by the storage control device 10 isstored in the statistical information table 1061. This statisticalinformation is, for example, information containing statistics on thelength of time it takes to carry out processing (for example, theaverage time), for each of a plurality of attributes relating tocommands or data.

Statistical information is stored in this statistical information table1061 according to the sequence described below, for example.

For instance, when the respective constituent elements of the storagecontrol device 10 (for example, the command control section 102 and 105)have processed a command or data in an I/O request, a history relatingto that command of data is registered, thereupon or at a prescribedtiming (for example, at periodic intervals), in a prescribed historystorage region (for example, a non-volatile memory). The registeredhistory is a history relating to a prescribed period of the past, forexample.

The prescribed constituent elements of the storage control device 10(for example, the respective micro-processors containing the channelcontrol section and the command control section) trace the I/O requestprocessing for a prescribed period in the past, for example, on thebasis of the history information written to the aforementioned historystorage region, at a prescribed timing (for example, at periodicintervals), and based on the results of this tracing operation, theystore a statistic value for the length of time taken to process aparticular command or data, in the statistic information table 1061, foreach command or data attribute in the I/O requests.

The prescribed constituent elements of the storage control device 10(for example, the respective micro-processors containing the channelcontrol section and the command control section) may also update thecontents of the performance information table 1060 at appropriate times(for example, at periodic intervals), on the basis of the aforementionedlength of time stored in the statistical information table 1061. Morespecifically, for example, the prescribed constituent elements may readout the length of time corresponding to the respective entries (commandor data attributes), from the statistical information table 1061, andthen update the contents of the performance information table 1060 bywriting the length of time thus read out over the expected valuecorresponding to that entry in the performance information table 1060.

Next, the I/O request buffers 109 and 110 are described with respect toFIG. 7. 109 and 110 are substantially the same in functional terms, andtherefore the I/O request buffer 109 is described as a representativeexample.

The I/O request buffer 109 is a buffer for the processor carrying outprocessing of I/O requests (more specifically, the processor containingthe channel control section 101 and the command control section 102),and it can be accessed by the channel control section 101 and thecommand control section 102 contained in the same processor. A bufferregion is provided for each of N I/O requests in this I/O request buffer109, in such a manner that the command or data frames for each I/Orequest can be stored in the buffer region corresponding to that I/Orequest. Moreover, it is also possible to register I/O request numberinformation in the I/O request buffer 109, in order to indicate thenumber of I/O requests currently registered in the buffer 109.Furthermore, it is also possible to register execution sequenceinformation (for example, information indicating the sequence ofprocessing), for each I/O request, in this I/O request buffer 109.

The configuration of the I/O request buffer 109 is not limited to onewhere buffer regions are provided for each I/O request, as in theexample shown in FIG. 7. For instance, the I/O request buffer 109 mayalso have a configuration wherein the command or data frames received bythe channel control section 101 are stored in the order in which theyarrive (for example, a FIFO system), regardless of which I/O requestthey are contained in.

Initially, or after receiving a response corresponding to a prescribedcommand (for example, a “locate record” command), the host 20 is able totransmit commands or data contained in each of the I/O requests to thestorage control device 10 at any timing and in any number for each I/Orequest issued, under a specific communications protocol. Consequently,there may be cases where there is only one unprocessed data item orcommand for each I/O request in the I/O request buffer 109, and theremay be cases where there are two or more unprocessed data items orcommands.

The channel control section 101 manages the empty space and regions, andthe like, of the buffer 109, and when the very first I/O request isreceived from the host 20, it stores the command or data contained inthat I/O request in a buffer region which does not yet contain a commandor data, or alternatively, if a new command or data frame has beenreceived for an already received I/O request, then it adds that commandor data to the buffer region corresponding to that I/O request.Moreover, the channel control section 101 identifies the number of I/Orequests registered in the I/O request buffer 109 and registers I/Orequest number information expressing that number in the buffer 109.Furthermore, the channel control section 101 updates the I/O requestnumber information registered in the buffer 109, each time the number ofI/O requests registered therein changes. Moreover, the channel controlsection 101 may also manage the data that is to be preserved in thebuffer 109 and the data that is to be erased from same. Morespecifically, for example, the channel control section 101 may operatein such a manner that if there are already processed commands or datarelating to an I/O request for which processing has not yet beencompleted to the very end (for example, an I/O request for which astatus frame indicating the end of processing has not been transmitted,or for which the corresponding response has not been received), thenthese commands or data are not yet erased, and the commands and datacontained in that I/O request are all erased jointly at the stage thatall of the processing has been completed. In this way, since the dataand commands contained in an I/O request remain in the buffer 109 untilthe processing for the I/O request has been completed, then it ispossible to determine the request processing sequence in I/O requestunits, as described hereinafter.

The command control section 102 determines the sequence in which two ormore I/O requests received by the host 20 are to be processed (oralternatively, the sequence in which the plurality of data or commandscontained in two or more I/O requests are to be processed), by means ofa method described hereinafter. The command control section 102 carriesout processing of the I/O requests (or the command or data contained insame) present in the buffer 109, according to the request processingsequence thus determined, by registering execution sequence informationfor each I/O request (for example, a processing sequence) in the I/Orequest buffer 109 (in other words, in the internal memory of themicroprocessor containing the command control section 102), on the basisof the sequence thus determined (hereinafter, called the “requestprocessing sequence”).

Various method can be conceived for determining the request processingsequence. Below, an example of a method for determining a requestprocessing sequence is described with reference to FIG. 8 onwards.

FIG. 8 shows an overview of a processing flow implemented by the commandcontrol section 102 when determining a sequence for processing I/Orequests, according to a first request processing sequence determiningmethod.

When I/O request processing has started (step S81), the command controlsection 102 refers to the I/O request buffer 109 and if there is an I/Orequest in the buffer 109 (Y at S82), then it checks the number of I/Orequests that are to be executed (of that can be processed) (S83). The“I/O requests that are to be executed (or can be processed)” means, forexample, the I/O requests for which all of the data or commands theycontain are registered in the buffer 109, and which have at least onedata or command of all of the data or commands thereof still in anunprocessed state.

If, as a result of S83, the number of I/O requests present that are tobe executed is less than K (where K≧2) (N at S83), then the commandcontrol section 102 executes the I/O requests in the buffer 109 (S88).

On the other hand, if, as a result of S83, the number of I/O requestspresent that are to be executed is equal to or greater than K and equalto or less than Q (Y at S83), then the command control section 102calculates the total of the expected values for the I/O response times,in other words, it forecasts the I/O response times for each of the I/Orequests, for each of the first M I/O requests (where K≦M≦Q) to arrivein the buffer 109, on the basis of the attributes of the commands anddata contained in those I/O requests, and on the basis of theperformance information table 1060 (and/or the statistical informationtable 1061) (S84). The command control section 102 then identifies asuitable average response time for the M I/O requests, on the basis ofthe total of the expected values calculated for each I/O request, and itdetermines an request processing sequence for the I/O requests wherebythe average response time thus identified can be obtained (S85). Thecommand control section 102 registers a processing sequence for each ofthe M I/O requests, in the I/O request buffer 109, on the basis of therequest processing sequence thus determined. The command control section102 starts processing in order to execute the M I/O requests, in theregistered processing sequence (S86), and when processing for the M I/Orequests has been completed, it terminates (S87).

In the processing flow illustrated in FIG. 8, for example, it ispossible to start step S81 at the time that the number of I/O requeststhat are to be executed reaches the number Q. Moreover, the values K andQ described above are parameters which are previously determined in anon-changeable or a changeable fashion. If the values of K and Q becomelarger, then the number of I/O requests subject to scheduling of theprocessing sequence increases, and therefore it becomes possible toreduce the average response time for the M I/O requests yet further, butconversely, the overhead required for determining the I/O executionsequence becomes larger.

FIG. 9 shows one example of the step of determining a request sequenceat S85 illustrated in the processing flow in FIG. 8.

The command control section 102 compares the largest and the smallest ofthe M totals for the expected values calculated for the M I/O requests(S851).

If, as a result of the comparison in S851, the difference between thelargest and the smallest total exceeds a prescribed threshold value S1(Y at S851), then the command control section 102 determines the requestprocessing sequence for the M I/O requests to be a sequence startingfrom the request having the smallest total of expected values for theI/O response times, and it writes the sequence thus determined to theI/O request buffer 109 (S852).

On the other hand, if, as a result of the comparison in S851, thedifference between the largest and the smallest total is equal to orless than the prescribed threshold value S1 (N at S851), then thecommand control section 102 determines the request processing sequencefor the M I/O requests to be the same as the sequence in which therequests were received (for example, the reception sequence of the“Define Extent” commands), and it writes the sequence thus determined tothe I/O request buffer 109 (S853).

When the processing in S852 or S853 has been completed, step S85terminates (S854).

In the foregoing description, the prescribed threshold value S1 is, forexample, a parameter established previously in a changeable ornon-changeable fashion. Moreover, if the request processing sequence iscontrolled only according to the simple magnitude relationship betweenthe first expected value total and the second expected value total, ofthe aforementioned M expected value totals, without setting a thresholdvalue S1, then although it is possible to achieve fine control of therequest processing sequence for the M I/O requests, if consideration isgiven to the overhead generated by switching the request processingsequence of the I/O requests to a different sequence than the sequencein which they were received (for example, the sequence in which the“Define Extent” commands were received), then this overhead can beeliminated by setting a suitable threshold value S1, for example, andexecuting a plurality of I/O requests in the order in which they werereceived, if the total of the estimated values of the I/O response timesfor those I/O requests come within a certain range. Statedalternatively, for example, in the case of two or more I/O requests forwhich the total of the estimated values of the I/O response times comeswithin the prescribed range, processing is carried out in the samesequence as the sequence in which the I/O requests were received,whereas in the case of another two or more I/O requests for which thetotal of the estimated values of the I/O response times lies outside theprescribed range, then the request processing sequence for the other twoor more I/O requests can be set to be a sequence starting from therequest having the smallest total of estimated values for the I/Oresponse times.

The foregoing is a processing flow for the command control section 102based on a first method for determining the request processing sequence.Next, the processing flow of the command control section 102 based on asecond method for determining the request processing sequence shall bedescribed with respect to FIG. 10 onwards.

FIG. 10 shows an overview of a processing flow implemented by thecommand control section 102 when determining a sequence for processingI/O requests, according to a second request processing sequencedetermining method.

The command control section 102 starts processing for a particular I/Orequest (S101). Thereupon, the command control section 102 stores thetiming at which the I/O request started, as a time stamp (for example,it records same in the buffer 109).

Next, the command control section 102 checks the time period that haselapsed from the start of processing of that I/O request (S102). Theprocessing in S102 is carried out at a prescribed timing (for example,at a uniform interval).

If, as a result of the check in S102, the elapsed time period is equalto or less than a previously determined elapsed period threshold valueS2 (Y at S102), then the command control section 102 continuesprocessing of the I/O request (S106).

If, on the other hand, as a result of the check at S102, the elapsedtime period exceeds the threshold value S2 (N at S103), then the commandcontrol section 102 decides whether to continue processing the currentI/O request, or whether to switch to processing of another I/O request(S103). Stated alternatively, the command control section 102 checkswhether or not there is another I/O request which it would be desirableto process straight away, in preference to the I/O request currentlybeing processed.

At S103, if it is decided that the processing is not to be switched (Nat S103), then the command control section 102 continues the processingof the I/O request currently being executed.

However, if it is decided at S103 that processing is to be switched (Yat S103), then the command control section 102 determines a requestprocessing sequence for the I/O requests to be executed by switchingprocessing (S104). Similarly to the method described with respect toFIG. 8 and FIG. 9, for example, this request processing sequenceinvolves calculating the total of the estimated values of the responsetimes of M I/O requests that are to be executed, and then determiningthe request processing sequence for the M I/O requests so that thesequence starts from the smallest of the M totals of estimated valuesthus calculated.

Thereupon, the command control section 104 starts processing of theplurality of I/O requests that are to be executed, in accordance withthe request processing sequence thus determined (S105).

The foregoing is an overview of a processing flow for the commandcontrol section 102 based on a second method for determining the requestprocessing sequence. In this processing flow, the threshold value S2 isa threshold for the length of time for which one I/O request isprocessed continuously.

In the storage control device 10, if a second I/O request which can beexpected to be processing in a relatively short period of time isreceived during the processing of a first I/O request which will take arelatively long period of time until the processing thereof iscompleted, then if the processing of the first I/O request is continuedfor a long time, the average response time for the first and second I/Orequests will become longer, as can be seen from the third considerationmentioned previously.

Therefore, in order to avoid such a situation, in the second requestprocessing sequence determining method, a threshold value S2 isestablished for the elapsed time from the start of processing of an I/Orequest, and when the elapsed time has exceeded this threshold S2, thecommand control section 102 checks whether or not there is presentanother I/O request which it would be desirable to process immediately,in preference to the I/O request currently being processed. Thereby, itis possible to avoid deterioration of the I/O response time of a secondI/O request which has a short processing time, due to a first I/Orequest which takes a long processing time, and furthermore, it is alsopossible to avoid deterioration of the average response time of thefirst and second I/O requests.

FIG. 11 shows a specific processing sequence for step S103 in theprocessing sequence illustrated in FIG. 10.

The command control section 102 checks whether or not an I/O requestthat is awaiting processing is stored in the I/O request buffer 109, andif an I/O request awaiting processing is stored, then the total of theestimated values of the I/O response time for that one or more than oneI/O request is calculated by using the performance information table1060 (and/or the statistical information table 1061), and from theestimated value totals thus calculated, it is judged whether or notthere is an I/O request having an estimated value total that is lessthan a threshold value S3 previously established in the I/O requestbuffer 109 (S131).

At S1031, if there is an I/O request having an estimated value totalthat is less than the threshold value S3 (Y at S1031), then the commandcontrol section 102 selects that I/O request as the I/O request formingthe element for determining the request processing sequence (S1032),whereupon step S103 terminates (S1033).

If, on the other hand, at S1031, there is no I/O request awaitingprocessing in the I/O request buffer 109, or if there is no I/O requesthaving an estimated value total that is smaller than the threshold valueS3, then the command control section 102 determines in step S103 thatprocessing should not be switched to another I/O request, whereupon stepS103 terminates (S1033).

In this processing sequence, the threshold value S3 is a previouslydetermined threshold value. Even if the I/O request currently beingexecuted will take a processing time exceeding the threshold value S2,this does not necessarily means that the average response time will beshortened if the processing is switched randomly to another I/O request.When the I/O processing currently being executed exceeds threshold valueS2, then only if the processing for another I/O request would becompleted within a relatively short time, were the processing to beswitched to that I/O request, is the objective of increasing the averageresponse time of the plurality of I/O requests actually achieved.Therefore, according to the method described with reference to FIG. 11,it is judged whether or not the I/O request processing currently beingexecuted is to be changed to processing of another I/O request.

Above, according to the foregoing embodiment, a processing sequencedifferent from the reception sequence is determined, on the basis of theplurality of command elements (commands or data) contained in two ormore received I/O requests, in such a manner that the average responsetime for these two or more I/O requests becomes less than the value thatwould be obtained if the two or more I/O requests were to be processedin the order in which they were received, and processing of theaforementioned plurality of command elements is started on the basis ofthe determined processing sequence. Thereby, it is possible to shortenthe average response time for the two or more I/O requests beyond theaverage response time obtained if processing were to be carried outsimply in the reception sequence.

In the foregoing description, the channel control section 101, I/Orequest buffer 109 and the command control section 102 receiving I/Orequests issued by the host 20 were described in detail, but the otherchannel control section 104, I/O request buffer 110 and command controlsection 105 also function in a substantially similar manner.

Moreover, in the embodiment described above, for example, it is possiblefor the command control section 102 to start processing for determining(or changing) the request processing sequence at a variety of timings(for example, at least either when there is a cache hit, and/or whenthere is a cache miss).

Moreover, in the embodiment described above, the prescribed variety ofvalues (for example, K, Q and at least one of the threshold valuesS1–S3) are established as suitable values on the basis of variousinformation, such as the time loss occurring when switching the I/Orequest being processed. Moreover, once set, these values may be set tobe unchangeable once after the storage control device 10 has beenstarted up, or they may be set to be changeable by internal tuning, orthe like, of the storage control device 10.

Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, for example, theconstituent element in the storage control device 10 for determining therequest processing sequence is not limited to being the command controlsection 102, 105, and this decision may be carried out by anotherconstituent element thereof.

Moreover, in the embodiment described above, for example, when thecommand control section 102 judges whether or not to switch processingto another I/O request, during processing of a particular I/O request,then it may make this judgment on the basis of the remaining length oftime that it is estimated the I/O request in question will take untilprocessing thereof is completed. Moreover, when the request processingsequence is determined, for example, it is possible to make thisdecision on the basis of this remaining length of time. Moreover, thisremaining length of time may be found by the command control section 102calculating the total of the estimated values for one or moreunprocessed command elements, relating to the I/O request beingprocessed, on the basis of the attributes of the one or more unprocessedcommand elements.

Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, the processing sequenceis determined in I/O request units, and one process is carried out inI/O request units, but instead of this, for example, it is possible fora processing sequence to be determined in units of the command elementsof the I/O requests, and for the command elements to be processed inthis sequence. More specifically, for example, if a first I/O requestcontains a first and second command element, and if a second I/O requestcontains a third and fourth command element, then in the embodimentdescribed above, after processing has been carried out for the first andsecond command elements, the third and fourth command elements arecarried out, but in this modification example, it is possible todetermine a request processing sequence whereby the command elements areprocessed in the sequence: first, third, second and fourth elements.According to the second consideration described above, this method maymake it difficult to improve the average response time, but if, forexample, a command element having a very short processing time isreceived for another I/O request, whilst a command element having a verylong processing time is being processed for a first I/O request, then itwill be possible to shorten the average response time by processing thisvery small command element first.

In a further modification of this modification example, there is a firstinformation processing mode in which the request processing sequence isdetermined in information set units (for example, I/O request units),and a second information processing mode in which the request processingsequence is determined in information element units (for example,command element units), these two information processing modes beingused selectively on the basis of a prescribed mode selection method.More specifically, for example, if the desired information processingmode is notified to the storage control device 10 by the host 20 issuingthe information set, then the storage control device 10 can determine arequest processing sequence on the basis of the information processingmode thus reported by the host. Moreover, for example, if there is aplurality of information sets (I/O requests) for which all theinformation elements (command elements) are recorded in the buffer 109,then the command control section 102 may determine the processingsequence in information set units for this plurality of informationsets, and if there is a plurality of other information sets for whichonly a portion of the information elements have been recorded, then aprocessing sequence is determined in information element units for thisplurality of other information sets. Furthermore, for example, thestorage control device 10 may store various information that is valuablefor increasing the average response time, such as length of timeinformation relating to the losses incurred when switching the I/Orequest being processed, and the like, and the request processingsequence for two or more information sets, or for the plurality ofinformation elements contained therein, may be determined by means of adesired request processing sequence determining method, at a desiredtiming (for example, after a fixed time period has elapsed after thestart of processing of a certain information set or a certaininformation element), on the basis of this information. If a requestprocessing sequence is determined in information element units, then thesequence may be recorded in the buffer 109, for each informationelement. Furthermore, the determined request processing sequence is, forexample, a sequence different from the sequence in which the informationsets or information elements were received, being a sequence whichproduces a shorter average response time than the average response timeobtained if the information sets or elements where to be processing inthe order in which they were received.

Above, a preferred embodiment and modifications of the present inventionwere described, but there are simply examples for the purpose ofdescribing the present invention and the scope of the present inventionis not limited to this embodiment and these modifications alone. Thepresent invention may be implemented in various further modes.

For example, the expected value described above may be the expectedvalue for the length of time required for processing to be carried outin the storage control device 10, rather than the expected value for theresponse time. Moreover, the communications protocol which allows dataor commands to be transmitted by the host in a pipeline fashion, withoutinterlocking, (for example, the FC-SB2 protocol), is, in other words, aprotocol for communications between the host and the storage sub-system(system including the storage device 60 and the storage control device10) whereby the host is able to issue I/O requests each constituted by achain of a plurality of commands and data elements, to the storagesystem, asynchronously with respect to the responses from the storagesub-system.

Moreover, according to a first preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, for example, the determining component acquires (for example,calculates) expected values relating to the length of time thatprocessing is expected to take for each of the two or more informationsets, on the basis of the plurality of information elements, anddetermines the processing sequence on the basis of the expected valuesthus acquired.

Moreover, for example, according to a second preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, in the first preferred embodiment described above,the information processing device further comprises a subsidiaryexpected value storing component for storing subsidiary expected valueinformation indicating subsidiary expected values relating to the lengthof time that processing is expected to take for information elementshaving certain information element attributes, for each of a pluralityof information element attributes relating to the information elements.In this case, the determining component acquires the respectiveinformation element attributes of the plurality of information elements,and the subsidiary expected values for each of the plurality ofinformation elements, on the basis of the stored subsidiary expectedvalue information, and acquires the expected values for each of the twoor more information sets, by using the subsidiary expected values thusacquired. Here, “information element attribute” includes at least oneitem of: the type of information element, the data size, and/or theissuing source, for example.

Moreover, according to a third preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, in the second preferred embodiment described above, thedetermining component determines the processing sequence, in whichprocessing is carried out in sequence starting from the informationelement or information set having the smallest subsidiary expected valuethus acquired.

Furthermore, according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, in the first preferred embodiment described above, thedetermining component acquires the expected values for each of the twoor more information sets, on the basis of the attributes of informationelements processed in the past by the information processing component,and information relating to the history of the length of time taken toprocess those information elements.

Moreover, according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the determining component determines the processing sequence,in which the smallest value is obtained of the plurality of valuesrelating to the average corresponding respectively to a plurality ofprocessing sequences for the plurality of information elements.

Furthermore, according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the determining component acquires the differential betweenthe smallest and largest value of the processing times, for the two ormore information sets, and executes processing for determining theprocessing sequence if the differential is equal to or greater than aprescribed value.

Moreover, according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, if the plurality of information elements includes aninformation element that is being processed by the informationprocessing component, then the determining component determines theprocessing sequence on the basis of the remaining length of time of theprocessing time taken to process that information element.

Furthermore, according to an eighth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the information processing device further comprises acompletion signal transmitting component for transmitting a completionsignal indicating that processing has been completed, to the informationset source that issued an information set, when processing for thatinformation set has been completed. In this case, the length ofprocessing time for the information set is a length of time relating tothe response time from the issuing of the information set by theinformation set source until the reception of the completion signal bysame.

Moreover, according to a ninth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, for example, the determining component executes processingfor determining the processing sequence, in cases where the receptionstatus of the received two or more information sets is a prescribedstatus (for example, if the number of received information sets is equalto or greater than a prescribed number). If this is not the case, forexample, then the determining component determines that the informationprocessing device is to continue processing of the information set orinformation element currently being processed, or alternatively, is tocarry out processing of the information sets or information elements inthe sequence in which they were received.

Furthermore, for example, in a tenth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the determining component identifies the elapsed length oftime from the start of processing for the information set or theinformation element, until a prescribed time, and executes processingfor determining the processing sequence, if the elapsed length of timehas exceeded a prescribed length of time. More specifically, forexample, the determining component acquires the aforementioned estimatedvalue for one or a plurality of information sets or two or moreinformation elements for which the aforementioned elapsed length of timehas exceeded the prescribed length of time, and it executes processingfor determining the processing sequence, if one of the estimated valuesthus acquired is smaller than a prescribed threshold value. If theseconditions are not satisfied, then the determining component, forexample, determines that the information processing device is tocontinue processing the information set or information element currentlybeing processed, or alternatively, that it is to carry out processing ofthe information sets or information elements in the sequence in whichthey were received.

Furthermore, for example, in an eleventh preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the information processing device is able tocommunicated with one or a plurality of storage devices, in acommunicable fashion. The receiving component receives informationelements contained in respective I/O requests having one or moreinformation elements, from one or a plurality of I/O request sourcesissuing the I/O requests. The information processing component carriesout processing for reading data from the storage device and transmittingsame to the I/O request source, or writing data from the I/O requestsource to the storage device, on the basis of the information elementscontained in the I/O request thus received. The Determining componentdetermines a processing sequence for the two or more I/O requests or theplurality of information elements, on the basis of the plurality ofinformation elements that are unprocessed or currently being processed,contained in two or more I/O requests thus received, and determines aprocessing sequence different from the reception sequence, in which avalue relating to the average of the response time for the two or moreI/O requests becomes equal to or less than the value that would beobtained were the plurality of information elements or the two or moreI/O requests to be processed according to their reception sequence.

1. An information processing device comprising: a receiving componentreceiving information elements contained in respective information setshaving one or more information elements, from one or a plurality ofinformation set sources issuing said information sets; an informationprocessing component carrying out processing of said informationelements thus received; and a determining component determining aprocessing sequence for said two or more information sets or saidplurality of information elements, on the basis of the plurality ofinformation elements that are unprocessed or currently being processed,contained in two or more information sets thus received, and determininga processing sequence different from a reception sequence, in which avalue relating to the average of the length of processing time for saidtwo or more information sets becomes equal to or less than the valuethat would be obtained were said plurality of information elements orsaid two or more information sets to be processed in accordance with thereception sequence thereof; wherein said information processingcomponent starts processing of the plurality of information elementsthat are unprocessed or currently being processed, on the basis of theprocessing sequence thus determined.
 2. The information processingdevice according to claim 1, wherein said determining component acquiresexpected values relating to the length of time that processing isexpected to take, for respective said two or more information sets, onthe basis of said plurality of information elements, and determines saidprocessing sequence on the basis of the expected values thus acquired.3. The information processing device according to claim 2, furthercomprising: a subsidiary expected value storing component storingsubsidiary expected value information indicating subsidiary expectedvalues relating to the length of time that processing is expected totake for information elements having certain information elementattributes, for each of a plurality of information element attributesrelating to the information elements; wherein said determining componentacquires said subsidiary expected values for each of said plurality ofinformation elements, on the basis of the respective information elementattributes of said plurality of information elements and said storedsubsidiary expected value information, and acquires said expected valuesfor each of said two or more information sets, by using the subsidiaryexpected values thus acquired.
 4. The information processing deviceaccording to claim 3, wherein said determining component determines saidprocessing sequence, in which processing is carried out in sequencestarting from the information element or information set having thesmallest subsidiary expected value thus acquired.
 5. The informationprocessing device according to claim 2, wherein said determiningcomponent acquires said expected values for each of said two or moreinformation sets, on the basis of the attributes of information elementsprocessed in the past by said information processing component, andinformation relating to the history of the length of time taken toprocess those information elements.
 6. The information processing deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein said determining component determines saidprocessing sequence, in which the smallest value is obtained of theplurality of values relating to said average corresponding respectivelyto a plurality of said processing sequences for said plurality ofinformation elements.
 7. The information processing device according toclaim 1, wherein said determining component acquires the differentialbetween the smallest and largest value of said processing time lengths,for said two or more information sets, and executes processing fordetermining said processing sequence if said differential is equal to orgreater than a prescribed value.
 8. The information processing deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein, if said plurality of information elementsinclude an information element that is being processed by saidinformation processing component, then said determining componentdetermines said processing sequence on the basis of the remaining lengthof time of the processing time taken to process the information element.9. The information processing device according to claim 1, furthercomprising a completion signal transmitting component transmitting acompletion signal indicating that processing has been completed, to theinformation set source that issued an information set, when processingfor the information set has been completed; wherein said length ofprocessing time for said information set is a length of time relating tothe response time from the issuing of said information set by saidinformation set source until the reception of said completion signal bysame.
 10. The information processing device according to claim 1,wherein said determining component executes processing for determiningsaid processing sequence, in cases where a reception status of saidreceived two or more information sets is a prescribed status.
 11. Theinformation processing device according to claim 1, wherein saiddetermining component identifies the elapsed length of time from thestart of processing for said information set or said informationelement, until a prescribed time, and executes processing fordetermining said processing sequence, if said elapsed length of time hasexceeded a prescribed length of time.
 12. A storage control apparatuscomprising: a storage control device capable of connecting to one or aplurality of physical or logical storage devices; a receiving componentreceiving information elements contained in respective I/O requestshaving one or more information elements, from one or a plurality of I/Orequest sources issuing said I/O requests; an information processingcomponent carrying out processing for reading data from said storagedevice and transmitting same to the I/O request source, or writing datafrom said I/O request source to said storage device, on the basis of theinformation elements contained in said I/O request thus received; and adetermining component determining a processing sequence for said two ormore I/O requests or said plurality of information elements, on thebasis of the plurality of information elements that are unprocessed orcurrently being processed, contained in two or more I/O requests thusreceived, and determining a processing sequence different from areception sequence, in which a value relating to the average of theresponse time for said two or more I/O requests becomes equal to or lessthan the value that would be obtained were said plurality of informationelements or said two or more I/O requests to be processed according tothe reception sequence thereof.
 13. An information processing methodcomprising: receiving information elements contained in respectiveinformation sets having one or more information elements, from one or aplurality of information set sources issuing said information sets;carrying out processing of said information elements thus received; anddetermining a processing sequence for said two or more information setsor said plurality of information elements, on the basis of the pluralityof information elements that are unprocessed or currently beingprocessed, contained in two or more information sets thus received, anddetermining a processing sequence different from a reception sequence,in which a value relating to the average of the response time for saidtwo or more information sets becomes equal to or less than the valuethat would be obtained were said plurality of information elements orsaid two or more information sets to be processed in accordance with thereception sequence thereof; wherein, in said processing of saidinformation elements, the processing of a plurality of informationelements that are unprocessed or currently being processed is started onthe basis of the element processing sequence thus determined.
 14. Acomputer-readable storage medium having a computer program comprising:code for receiving information elements contained in respectiveinformation sets having one or more information elements, from one or aplurality of information set sources issuing said information sets; codefor carrying out processing of said information elements thus received;and code for determining a processing sequence for said two or moreinformation sets or said plurality of information elements, on the basisof the plurality of information elements that are unprocessed orcurrently being processed, contained in two or more information setsthus received, and determining a processing sequence different from areception sequence, in which a value relating to the average of theresponse time for said two or more information sets becomes equal to orless than the value that would be obtained were said plurality ofinformation elements or said two or more information sets to beprocessed in accordance with the reception sequence thereof; wherein, insaid processing of said information elements, the processing of aplurality of information elements that are unprocessed or currentlybeing processed is started on the basis of the element processingsequence thus determined.
 15. The information processing methodaccording to claim 13, wherein said determining comprises acquiringexpected values relating to the length of time that processing isexpected to take, for respective said two or more information sets, onthe basis of said plurality of information elements, and determiningsaid processing sequence on the basis of the expected values thusacquired.
 16. The information processing method according to claim 15,further comprising: storing component storing subsidiary expected valueinformation indicating subsidiary expected values relating to the lengthof time that processing is expected to take for information elementshaving certain information element attributes, for each of a pluralityof information element attributes relating to the information elements;wherein said determining comprises acquiring said subsidiary expectedvalues for each of said plurality of information elements, on the basisof the respective information element attributes of said plurality ofinformation elements and said stored subsidiary expected valueinformation, and acquiring said expected values for each of said two ormore information sets, by using the subsidiary expected values thusacquired.
 17. The information processing method according to claim 16,wherein said determining comprises determining said processing sequence,in which processing is carried out in sequence starting from theinformation element or information set having the smallest subsidiaryexpected value thus acquired.
 18. The information processing methodaccording to claim 15, wherein said determining comprises acquiring saidexpected values for each of said two or more information sets, on thebasis of the attributes of information elements processed in the past bysaid information processing component, and information relating to thehistory of the length of time taken to process those informationelements.
 19. The information processing method according to claim 13,wherein said determining comprises determining said processing sequence,in which the smallest value is obtained of the plurality of valuesrelating to said average corresponding respectively to a plurality ofsaid processing sequences for said plurality of information elements.20. The information processing method according to claim 13, whereinsaid determining comprises acquiring the differential between thesmallest and largest value of said processing time lengths, for said twoor more information sets, and executing processing for determining saidprocessing sequence if said differential is equal to or greater than aprescribed value.
 21. A storage control apparatus comprising: a storagecontrol device capable of connecting to one or a plurality of physicalor logical storage devices; a receiving component receiving informationelements contained in respective I/O requests having one or moreinformation elements, from one or a plurality of I/O request sourcesissuing said I/O requests; an information processing component carryingout processing for reading data from said storage device andtransmitting same to the I/O request source, or writing data from saidI/O request source to said storage device, on the basis of theinformation elements contained in said I/O request thus received; adetermining component determining a processing sequence for said two ormore I/O requests or said plurality of information elements, on thebasis of the plurality of information elements that are unprocessed orcurrently being processed, contained in two or more I/O requests thusreceived, and determining a processing sequence different from areception sequence, in which a value relating to the average of theresponse time for said two or more I/O requests becomes equal to or lessthan the value that would be obtained were said plurality of informationelements or said two or more I/O requests to be processed according tothe reception sequence thereof; a subsidiary expected value storingcomponent storing subsidiary expected value information indicatingsubsidiary expected values relating to the length of time thatprocessing is expected to take for information elements having certaininformation element attributes, for each of a plurality of informationelement attributes relating to the information elements; wherein saiddetermining component acquires said subsidiary expected values for eachof said plurality of information elements, on the basis of therespective information element attributes of said plurality ofinformation elements and said stored subsidiary expected valueinformation, and acquires said expected values for each of said two ormore information sets, by using the subsidiary expected values thusacquired; and a completion signal transmitting component transmitting acompletion signal indicating that processing has been completed, to theinformation set source that issued an information set, when processingfor the information set has been completed; wherein said length ofprocessing time for said information set is a length of time relating tothe response time from the issuing of said information set by saidinformation set source until the reception of said completion signal bysame.